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1.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 35(2): 91-95, abr.-jun. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356636

ABSTRACT

Entre enero de 1996 y octubre de 1999, se estudiaron en el Instituto Cardiovascular, Fundación Favaloro, 10.793 hemocultivos y 942 episodios de bacteriemia. Utilizando el Sistema Bact-Alert (Organon Teknika) estos cultivos fueron positivos en 1.883 casos. 94 por ciento de los episodios fueron monomicrobianos. Del total de espisodios se aislaron 45 por ciento de bacterias gram positivas, 52 por ciento de gram negativas y 3 por ciento de hongos. Los focos de infección asociados fueron: 36,5 por ciento infecciones asociadas a catéteres, 9 por ciento mediastinitis, 9 por ciento infecciones urinarias, 6 por ciento neumonías, 6 por ciento endocarditis, 6 por ciento infecciones intraabdominales, 2,6 por ciento infecciones de prótesis, 2,5 por ciento infecciones de piel y partes blandas, 0,3 por ciento pericarditis, 0,2 por ciento meningitis, 2 por ciento empiemas, 0,2 por ciento aneurismas de aorta, 0,2 por ciento infecciones por líquido de infusión contaminado, 0,1 por ciento artritis, 0,1 por ciento endarteritis, 0,1 por ciento diarreas, y foco desconocido en 21 por ciento de los casos. La mediana en horas para positivización de los hemocultivos acorde a los distinto focos fue: 16,4 para infecciones asociadas a catéteres, 19,2 mediastinitis, 14,2 neumonías, 14,5 endocarditis, 11,8 infecciones intraabdominales, 13 infecciones urinarias y 19 para bacteremias de origen desconocido. El valor fue de 30,5 h para las contaminaciones. El 72 por ciento de los hemocultivos positivos con un microorganismo considerado como clínicamente significativo se detectó a las 24 h, 87 por ciento dentro de las 48 h y sólo 1 por ciento entre el 5§ y 7§ día. No hubo diferencias importantes en el tiempo de detección de hemocultivos positivos acorde a distintos focos. Tampoco resultó de utilidad la incubación de las botellas más allá del 5§ día, excepto para circunstancias especiales, puesto que no mejoró la recuperación de microorganismos clínicamente significativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Argentina , Bacteremia , Environmental Monitoring
2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 33(3): 177-181, jul.-sept. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332483

ABSTRACT

The value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the Fundación Favaloro, the Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia and the Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiÚrrez. A total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). Bact-Alert bottles were incubated at 35 degrees C for 30 days in the Bact-Alert System. Bottles with positive signals were routinely removed, and aliquots of the broth were Gram stained and subcultured aerobically in chocolate agar and Sabouraud agar. A total of 136 bacteremic episodes were obtained. The positivization time of blood cultures was 81.6 at 24 h, 93.3 at 48 h, 94.5 at 72 h and 97.7 within 7 days. Only 3 (2.2) episodes were positive by blind terminal subcultures and 1 (0.75) by prolonged incubation (14 days). The median time and range of positivization in hours were 13.8 and 2.2-168, respectively. The microorganisms isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 24), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 22), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 18), Acinetobacter spp (n = 9), Candida spp (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 6), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 5), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5), Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp and Capnocytophaga sputigena (n = 2), Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Citrobacter diversus, Candida albicans, Klebsiella oxytoca, Chryseomonas luteola, Serratia marcescens, Abiotrophia spp, Campylobacter jejuni, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella urethralis, Neisseria sicca, beta hemolytic group G streptococci, Rhodococcus equi, Micrococcus spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Streptococcus mitis (n = 1). In our experience, blind terminal subcultures and prolonged incubation of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients are unnecessary and cost expensive.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Bacteria , Bacteriological Techniques , Blood , Immunocompromised Host , Bacteremia , Culture Media , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Neoplasms , Single-Blind Method , Bacteriological Techniques/economics , Time Factors , Transplantation
3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 32(3): 149-152, jul.-sept. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332522

ABSTRACT

Mortality associated to bacteremia varies between 20 and 40 depending upon several factors, such as focus of infection, microorganism, host conditions, etc. It has also been documented that mortality may double when the patient does not receive antibiotic treatment to which the microorganism is susceptible. The objective of our work has been to determine the correlation between disk diffusion antibiogram according to NCCLS guidelines, from isolated colonies, and the one performed directly from the blood culture flask. During 1996, in the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (ICYCC) in Buenos Aires City, 81 episodes of bacteremia were studied. In every case, an antibiogram was carried out: 1) from the bottle: a- Directly (D), harvesting 20 microliters in Mueller Hinton agar, b- Diluted (d), previous centrifugation and Gram staining to adjust turbidity equivalent to 0.5 Mc Farland; 2) from isolated colonies, according to NCCLS guidelines. There were almost no major errors, except with two strains of Enterobacter cloacae versus cephalotin. The diluted method was not so convenient to read inhibition zones, especially with staphylococci. With gram-positive bacteria, the main problems appeared in the direct method with erythromycin, oxacillin and ciprofloxacin because of minor errors. With gram-negative bacteria, major errors were observed in the direct method, mainly with piperacillin (7) and to a lesser extent with piperacillin tazobactam (2). Except for imipenem, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazoie and cefotaxime, all antimicrobial agents presented minor errors with both methodologies. Based upon the high rate of minor errors, we consider it is important to confirm results obtained with the standard technique (NCCLS), considering as presumptive those results from the blood culture bottles (D and d).


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Argentina , Bacteremia , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Case Management , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Reproducibility of Results
4.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 32(1): 45-48, ene.-mar. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-332538

ABSTRACT

Between February and September 1997, 6588 blood cultures at the Instituto de CardiologÝa y CirugÝa Cardiovascular and Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiÚrrez were studied by using the Bact-Alert system (Organon Teknika) 341 contaminants and 294 episodes of bacteremia (600 samples) were analyzed. From these samples, 280 (95.3) were monomicrobial episodes and 14 (4.7) polymicrobial episodes. Positive blood cultures detected by the Bact-Alert system were processed and then reincubated during 7 days, when they were Gram stained and subcultured in blood agar, chocolate agar (both in 5-10 CO2), laked blood agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K in anaerobic atmosphere (only anaerobic bottles) and CLDE (aerobic conditions). Following reincubation, 3 out of 14 polymicrobial bacteremias were detected, rising the level of detection from 3.7 to 4.7. Taking into account the total number of bacteremias, only in 3 out of 294 (1), a second microorganism was detected. Otherwise, in blood cultures where a contaminating microorganism was initially isolated, no further isolates representing a true bacteremia were recovered. Reincubation and terminal subculture of initially positive blood cultures did not provide relevant data in order to change therapeutic measures in the studied population. Due to the increase in costs and labor we consider that this methodology is not routinely advised.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Blood , Microbiological Techniques , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
8.
Infectol. microbiol. clin ; 6(6): 169-74, 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-165939

ABSTRACT

La sepsis relacionada a catéteres (SRC) constituye una complicación nosocomial ampliamente documentada. La detección de infección en los dispositivos intravasculares, su relación con bacteriemia y la diferenciación con contaminación o colonización por gérmenes de los mismos es un problema importante, ya que los microorganismos pueden colonizar la punta del catéter por distintas vías. Diversos autores han desarrollado técnicas semicuantitativas y cuantitativas para el cultivo de los mismos. En el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular (ICYCC) y el Hospital de Niños "R. Gutiérrez" (HNRG), en el período comprendido entre julio de 1992 y marzo de 1994, se estudiaron un total de 806 catéteres (centrales y periféricos) y su relación con bacteriemia; se sembraron por la técnica semicuantitativa de Maki y la cuantitativa de Brun-Buisson. Se calcularon los valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VP+) y negativo (VP-). Según el punto de corte de 15 UFC para la técnica de Maki, los resultados fueron: S=83,6 por ciento, E=91,3 por ciento, VP+=48,8 por ciento y VP-=98,2 por ciento; considerando el punto de corte de 1.000 UFC/ml para la técnica de Brun-Buisson, correspondieron a 76,8 por ciento, 93,6 por ciento, 54,4 por ciento y 97,7 por ciento respectivamente. La combinación de las dos técnicas, permitió incrementar el diagnóstico de bacteriemia relacionada a catéteres en un 8,2 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization/adverse effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Culture Media , Sepsis/etiology , Bacteremia/etiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/microbiology
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